Taiwan emitted 287 Mtons of carbon dioxide equivalent in 2019. About 50% of this amount is emitted directly due to electricity generation, and another 40% is related to other energy applications including direct combustion, transportation, and industrial processing. To eliminate such a large amount of emission while meeting the nation’s energy demand is a major challenge. The problem is exacerbated by Taiwan’s lack of natural resources and the heavy reliance on imported fossil fuels as the energy source, including coal, natural gas, and petroleum. As such, Taiwan has promoted renewable energy sources including solar and wind as a main alternative to the fossil energy. However, such efforts are insufficient to meet all the electricity requirement for 2050, and new technologies are required. In this regard, Academia Sinica has conducted a comprehensive technological survey and proposed five technologies that need to be developed as soon as possible, in addition to the current efforts. These include methane pyrolysis to produce hydrogen, high efficiency solar panel, geothermal energy, Kuroshio current energy, and biological carbon conversion and storage. In this talk, we will discuss the rationale behind such recommendations and describe the technologies briefly.